Objective?To investigate the technical characteristics of uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic mediastinal lymphadenectomy. Methods?63 patients with clinical stageⅠ NSCLC underwent lobectomy and systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy by uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic January to December in 2015. The number and resection time of each station of mediastinal lymph nodes were assessed. Mediastinal Lymph nodes were classified according to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer classification (IASLC). For right-sided tumors, lymph nodes number 2-4, 7, 8 and 9 were dissected, and for left-sided tumors, lymph nodes number 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 were dissected. We analyzed the perioperative parameters. Results?There was no operative death. All procedures were successful accomplished without conversion to conventional multi-port VATS or open approach. The number of mediastinal lymph nodes removed was as follows: (right side) (15.3 ± 4.4) lymph nodes/patient, (left side) (17.7 ± 5.6) lymph nodes/patient. According the IASLC, we found the following results: 2R-4R (6.3 ± 2.1), 7R (9.5 ± 4.3), 8R (4.5 ± 2.3), 9R (2.5 ± 1.7); 4L (3.7 ± 1.1), 5L (3.7 ± 1.5), 6L (4.1 ± 2.0), 7L (5.7 ± 3.4), 8L (3.6 ± 2.6), 9L (2.7 ± 1.3). Compared with the time of mediastinal lymphadenectomy, there were statistically significant differences between the right and left side, especially in 4L vs 4R and 7L vs 7R. There were no statistically significant differences among the procedures, such as the complication incidence, drainage time and volume, length of hospital stay. No signs of tumor recurrence or metastasis was found in the postoperative follow-up time. Conclusion?Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic mediastinal lymphadenectomy is feasible safe and effective. Reasonable placement of lens and instruments, adequate exposure and standard procedure may be the key points of the surgery.