To investigate the risk factors of duodenal papilla hemorrhage after ERCP for choledocholithiasis, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment.?Methods?The clinical data of 672 cases of choledocholithiasis were treated by ERCP was analyzed retrospectively. According to whether the patients with duodenal papilla hemorrhage after ERCP, they were divided into the hemorrhage group and non-hemorrhage group. Then the risk factors were analyzed by single factor analysis and Logistic regression analysis.?Results?In 672 cases of duodenal papilla hemorrhage after ERCP, including 44 cases duodenal papilla hemorrhage, the incidence rate was 6.55%. Univariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the bleeding group and non bleeding group in terms of biliary tract infection, stone diameter > 1?cm, stone incarceration, duodenal papilla diverticulum and intraoperative EST (P?1?cm (OR?=?5.183, P?=?0.003, 95%CI: 1.742?~?11.421), stone incarceration (OR?=?2.953, P?=?0.017, 95% CI: 1.343?~?7.893), intraoperative EST (OR?=?11.873, P?=?0.000, 95% CI: 3.838?~?36.729), duodenal papilla into diverticulum (OR?=?5.445, P?=?0.011, 95% CI: 1.783?~?8.679) was the independent risk factor associated with duodenal bleeding after ERCP for choledocholithiasis.?Conclusion?Choledocholithiasis with the after 3 days of menstruation, abnormal blood pressure after operation, biliary tract infection, stone diameter >1 cm, stone incarceration and duodenal papilla into diverticulum and EST was the independent risk factor associated with duodenal papilla hemorrhage after ERCP, and we should pay attention to the above risk factors and reduce the risk of duodenal papilla hemorrhage.