Abstract: Objective?To investigate the clinical efficacy of vaginal ultrasound-assisted laparoscopic surgery for previous cesarean scar defect (PCSD).?Methods?45 patients with laparoscopic surgery for PCSD (without vaginal ultrasound-assisted) were selected as group A, and 45 patients with vaginal ultrasound-assisted laparoscopic surgery for PCSD were selected as group B from January 2014 to June 2018. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative vaginal bleeding time and hospital stay were recorded. The time required for postmenopausal menstruation, the menstrual period, the number of menstrual shortening days and the amount of menstruation were recorded. Vaginal ultrasound was used to measure the width and length of the diverticulum. The number of recurrence rate within 1 year after surgery was recorded.?Results?The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative vaginal bleeding time and hospitalization time in group B were all lower than those in group A (P??0.05). ?Conclusion?Compared with simple laparoscopic PCSD repair, vaginal ultrasound-assisted laparoscopic PCSD repair has advantages in shortening the operation time, intraoperative blood loss and hospitalization time; promoting menstrual recovery; reducing the width and length of the diverticulum.