Objective To investigate the application of anesthesia management plan based on the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in thoracoscopic surgery.Methods From December 2021 to December 2022, 100 patients underwent thoracoscopic surgery were randomly divided into control group and observation group with 50 patients in each. The control group received routine anesthesia management, and the observation group received anesthesia management based on ERAS concept. The two groups were compared in terms of clinical indicators, the degree of incision pain on day 1, 3, 5 and 7 after surgery, the levels of inflammatory factors on day 1 and 3 after surgery. The incidence rates of pulmonary complications, nausea and vomiting, and respiratory depression in the two groups were calculated.Results Awakening and extubation time and hospital stay of observation group were shorter than those of control group, the treatment costs of observation group was less than that of control group, the visual analogue scale (VAS) of observation group at each time point after surgery were lower than those of control group, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of observation group on day 1 and 3 after surgery were lower than those of control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The total incidence of pulmonary complications of observation group was lower than that of control group (6.00% vs 22.22%), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence rates of respiratory depression and nausea and vomiting in the observation group were 0.00% and 2.00%, respectively, while the incidence rates of respiratory depression and nausea and vomiting in the control group were 4.00% and 6.00%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence rates of other complications between the two groups of patients (P > 0.05).Conclusion Applying the anesthesia management plan based on ERAS concept in thoracoscopic surgery can promote postoperative recovery, reduce pain and pulmonary complications, and save treatment costs. It is worthy of clinical application.