摘要
选取2020年1月-2022年12月该院收治的肾结石(直径 ≤ 2 cm)患者194例,采用随机数表法分为超微经皮肾镜取石术(SMP)组(97例)和RIRS组(97例),分别给予SMP和RIRS治疗,两组患者术后均随访1周。比较两组患者手术情况、肾功能、应激反应、炎症相关指标和并发症发生情况。
RIRS组肾造瘘管留置时间和住院时间短于SMP组,术中出血量少于SMP组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。两组患者术后1周血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cys-C)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)水平,以及术后24 h血清活性氧(ROS)、肾上腺素(AD)、去甲肾上腺素(NA)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、脂质过氧化物(LPO)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平较术前升高,且RIRS组低于SMP组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。RIRS组随访期间的并发症总发生率低于SMP组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。
肾结石以疼痛和血尿等为主要症状,主要由尿酸和钙在肾脏中堆积所致,若治疗不及时,可导致尿路梗阻和尿路感染,甚者引发肾功能不
选取2020年1月-2022年12月本院收治的肾结石(直径 ≤ 2 cm)患者194例,采用随机数表法分为SMP组(97例)和RIRS组(97例)。两组患者一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),具有可比性。见
组别 | 性别 例(%) | 年龄/岁 | 病程/年 | 结石部位 例(%) | 结石直径/cm | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
男 | 女 | 左肾 | 右肾 | ||||
SMP组(n = 97) | 55(56.70) | 42(43.30) | 45.91±5.75 | 2.96±1.01 | 50(51.55) | 47(48.45) | 1.28±0.41 |
RIRS组(n = 97) | 50(51.55) | 47(48.45) | 45.89±5.67 | 2.97±0.99 | 51(52.58) | 46(47.42) | 1.31±0.44 |
| 0.52 |
0.0 |
0.0 | 0.02 |
0.4 | ||
P值 | 0.471 | 0.981 | 0.945 | 0.886 | 0.624 |
注: †为t值。
纳入标准:经影像学检查证实为肾结
给予SMP。全身麻醉后,俯卧患者,垫高腰部后,取截石位,经尿道置入输尿管硬镜,并于患侧输尿管开口处向肾盂内送入1根F 5输尿管导管。在B超下,探查患侧肾结石和肾积水情况,建立人工肾积水条件;使用18 G穿刺针经皮肾穿刺,置入斑马导丝。将穿刺针退出后,扩张通道,置入F 18剥皮鞘。于鞘内置入输尿管硬镜,送至肾盂、肾盏和输尿管上段,发现结石后退出斑马导丝,予以钬激光粉碎结石,冲出结石后,较大的结石用取石钳取出,无结石残留或出血后放置双J管,退出剥皮鞘,放置肾造瘘管,并留置导尿。
给予RIRS。术前行输尿管镜检查,置入双J管。全身麻醉后,取截石位,将输尿管硬镜置入膀胱后,取出双J管,找到输尿管开口,于患侧输尿管开口处置入斑马导丝,将输尿管硬镜送至患侧输尿管,并取出输尿管硬镜。将输尿管软镜鞘(沿斑马导丝)送至肾盂,发现结石后退出斑马导丝,送入频率和功率分别为20 Hz和1 J的钬激光传导光纤,击碎结石,结石冲出后,后续操作与SMP组一致。
于术前和术后1周采集血液标本,离心后,采用酶联免疫吸附试验,检测血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(cystain C,Cys-C)和血肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)水平;另取尿液标本,采用酶联免疫吸附试验,检测尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,NGAL)和肾损伤分子-1(kidney injury molecule-1,KIM-1)水平。
于术前和术后24 h采集血液标本,离心后,采用酶联免疫吸附试验,检测血清活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、肾上腺素(adrenaline,AD)、去甲肾上腺素(noradrenaline,NA)和促肾上腺皮质激素(adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH)水平。
于术前和术后24 h采集血液标本,离心后,采用酶联免疫吸附试验,检测血清超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、脂质过氧化物(lipid hydroperoxide,LPO)、前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2)和白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)水平。
RIRS组肾造瘘管留置时间和住院时间短于SMP组,术中出血量少于SMP组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见
组别 | 结石清除率 例(%) | 术中出血量/mL | 肾造瘘管留置时间/d | 手术时间/min | 住院时间/d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SMP组(n = 97) | 87(89.69) | 69.77±7.58 | 4.98±0.72 | 54.12±9.74 | 7.65±1.13 |
RIRS组(n = 97) | 90(92.78) | 12.04±2.13 | 2.33±0.41 | 55.67±9.25 | 2.99±0.62 |
t/ | 0.58 |
72.2 |
31.5 |
1.1 |
35.6 |
P值 | 0.446 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.257 | 0.000 |
注: †为t值。
术后1周,两组患者血清Scr、Cys-C、尿NGAL和KIM-1水平较术前升高,且RIRS组低于SMP组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见
组别 | Scr/(μmol/L) | NGAL/(ng/mL) | Cys-C/(μg/L) | KIM-1/(ng/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|
术前 | ||||
SMP组(n = 97) | 89.04±9.21 | 4.88±0.46 | 568.93±49.67 | 72.13±6.47 |
RIRS组(n = 97) | 88.89±9.35 | 4.95±0.41 | 569.04±50.10 | 72.22±6.32 |
t值 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.10 |
P值 | 0.910 | 0.265 | 0.988 | 0.922 |
术后1周 | ||||
SMP组(n = 97) |
115.09±13.5 |
8.05±1.2 |
901.66±88.1 |
89.21±9.9 |
RIRS组(n = 97) |
96.74±10.2 |
6.12±0.7 |
824.02±65.2 |
76.54±8.5 |
t值 | 10.63 | 12.99 | 6.97 | 9.51 |
P值 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
注: †与本组术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。
术后24 h,两组患者血清ROS、AD、NA和ACTH水平较术前升高,且RIRS组低于SMP组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见
组别 | ROS/(mmol/L) | AD/(pg/mL) | NA/(pg/mL) | ACTH/(pg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|
术前 | ||||
SMP组(n = 97) | 2.71±0.23 | 1 879.54±178.19 | 267.55±20.78 | 34.98±5.12 |
RIRS组(n = 97) | 2.69±0.21 | 1 878.61±182.09 | 267.49±21.09 | 35.02±5.15 |
t值 | 0.63 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.05 |
P值 | 0.528 | 0.971 | 0.984 | 0.957 |
术后24 h | ||||
SMP组(n = 97) |
4.92±0.8 |
3 119.89±376.9 |
579.70±56.8 |
80.97±7.4 |
RIRS组(n = 97) |
3.14±0.6 |
2 098.17±240.5 |
511.97±34.5 |
71.65±6.3 |
t值 | 17.32 | 22.51 | 10.02 | 9.41 |
P值 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
注: †与本组术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。
术后24 h,两组患者血清LPO、PGE2、IL-6和hs-CRP水平较术前升高,且RIRS组低于SMP组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见
组别 | LPO/(nmol/L) | PGE2/(pg/mL) | IL-6/(pg/mL) | hs-CRP/(mg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|
术前 | ||||
SMP组(n = 97) | 3.12±0.76 | 268.97±23.41 | 379.98±14.94 | 6.12±0.77 |
RIRS组(n = 97) | 3.08±0.77 | 269.08±24.34 | 380.02±15.60 | 6.09±0.83 |
t值 | 0.36 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.26 |
P值 | 0.716 | 0.974 | 0.985 | 0.794 |
术后24 h | ||||
SMP组(n = 97) |
7.23±2.0 |
516.55±61.2 |
429.56±33.5 |
28.76±5.2 |
RIRS组(n = 97) |
5.12±1.1 |
428.32±43.7 |
394.74±20.0 |
20.13±4.1 |
t值 | 8.78 | 11.54 | 8.76 | 12.75 |
P值 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
注: †与本组术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。
随访期间,SMP组并发症总发生率为18.56%,明显高于RIRS组的4.12%,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见
组别 | 发热 | 出血 | 输尿管损伤 | 下肢静脉血栓 | 并发症总发生率 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SMP组(n = 97) | 6(6.19) | 5(5.15) | 3(3.09) | 4(4.12) | 18(18.56) |
RIRS组(n = 97) | 2(2.06) | 1(1.03) | 1(1.03) | 0(0.00) | 4(4.12) |
| 10.05 | ||||
P值 | 0.002 |
目前,临床常用的肾结石治疗方法为手术治
手术作为一种有创操作,会引起肾结石患者肾功能损伤,引发应激反应和炎症反
综上所述,与SMP相比,RIRS治疗肾结石(直径 ≤ 2 cm),具有创伤小、出血少、肾功能损害小、术后应激反应轻、炎症反应轻和安全性高等优势,可促进患者术后恢复。但本研究病例数有限,可能导致结果存在偏倚,仍需进一步扩大样本量予以验证。
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